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According to Jon Krakauer , the era of commercialisation of Everest started in , when the summit was reached by a guided expedition led by David Breashears that included Richard Bass , a wealthy year-old businessman and an amateur mountain climber with only four years of climbing experience. Rob Hall , one of the mountaineers who died in the disaster , had successfully guided 39 clients to the summit before that incident. Costs beyond the guiding service can vary widely. It is technically possible to reach the summit with minimal additional expenses, and there are "budget" travel agencies that offer logistical support for such trips. By contrast, climbers attempting less commercialised peaks, like Denali , are often expected to carry backpacks over 30 kilograms 66 lb and, occasionally, to tow a sled with 35 kilograms 77 lb of gear and food. The degree of commercialisation of Mount Everest is a frequent subject of criticism. But the spirit of adventure is not there any more.

It is lost. There are people going up there who have no idea how to put on crampons. It is very selfish. It endangers the lives of others. One example of this is Shriya Shah-Klorfine , who had to be taught how to put on crampons during her summit attempt in Reinhold Messner concurred in , "You could die in each climb and that meant you were responsible for yourself. We were real mountaineers: careful, aware and even afraid. By climbing mountains we were not learning how big we were. We were finding out how breakable, how weak and how full of fear we are. You can only get this if you expose yourself to high danger. I have always said that a mountain without danger is not a mountain High altitude alpinism has become tourism and show. These commercial trips to Everest, they are still dangerous. But the guides and organisers tell clients, 'Don't worry, it's all organised. Extra oxygen is available in all camps, right up to the summit. People will cook for you and lay out your beds.

Clients feel safe and don't care about the risks. By , Nepal was considering requiring that climbers have some experience, hoping this would both make the mountain safer and increase revenue. However, not all opinions on the subject among prominent mountaineers have been strictly negative. When we first went in there they didn't have any schools, they didn't have any medical facilities, all over the years we have established 27 schools, we have two hospitals and a dozen medical clinics and then we've built bridges over wild mountain rivers and put in fresh water pipelines so in cooperation with the Sherpas we've done a lot to benefit them. One of the early guided summiters, Richard Bass of Seven Summits fame stated in that "Climbers should have high altitude experience before they attempt the really big mountains. People don't realise the difference between a 20,foot [6, m] mountain and 29,foot [8, m]. It's not just arithmetic. The reduction of oxygen in the air is proportionate to the altitude alright, but the effect on the human body is disproportionate—an exponential curve.

People climb Denali [6, m or 20, ft] or Aconcagua [6, m or 22, ft] and think, 'Heck, I feel great up here, I'm going to try Everest. Some climbers have reported life-threatening thefts from supply caches. In May , Vitor Negrete , the first Brazilian to climb Everest without oxygen and part of David Sharp's party, died during his descent, and theft of gear and food from his high-altitude camp may have contributed. In addition to theft, Michael Kodas describes in his book, High Crimes: The Fate of Everest in an Age of Greed : [] unethical guides and Sherpas, prostitution and gambling at the Tibet Base Camp, fraud related to the sale of oxygen bottles, and climbers collecting donations under the pretense of removing trash from the mountain. The Chinese side of Everest in Tibet was described as "out of control" in after one Canadian had all his gear stolen and was abandoned by his Sherpa. Other climbers have also reported missing oxygen bottles, which can be worth hundreds of dollars each.

Hundreds of climbers pass by people's tents, making it hard to safeguard against theft. On 18 April , in one of the worst disasters to ever hit the Everest climbing community up to that time, 16 Sherpas died in Nepal due to the avalanche that swept them off Mount Everest. In response to the tragedy, numerous Sherpa climbing guides walked off the job and most climbing companies pulled out in respect for the Sherpa people mourning the loss. Mount Everest has been host to other winter sports and adventuring besides mountaineering, including snowboarding, skiing, paragliding, and BASE jumping. Yuichiro Miura became the first man to ski down Everest in the s. He descended nearly 1, vertical metres 4, ft from the South Col before falling with extreme injuries. Olsson's anchor broke while they were rappelling down a cliff in the Norton couloir at about 8, metres, resulting in his death from a two and a half-kilometre fall. Granheim skied down to camp III.

Various types of gliding descents have slowly become more popular, and are noted for their rapid descents to lower camps. In Steve McKinney led an expedition to Mount Everest, [] during which he became the first person to fly a hang-glider off the mountain. The southern part of Mount Everest is regarded as one of several "hidden valleys" of refuge designated by Padmasambhava , a ninth-century " lotus-born " Buddhist saint. Near the base of the north side of Everest lies Rongbuk Monastery , which has been called the "sacred threshold to Mount Everest, with the most dramatic views of the world. According to Sherpa Buddhist monks, Mount Everest is Miyolangsangma's palace and playground, and all climbers are only partially welcome guests, having arrived without invitation. The Sherpa people also believe that Mount Everest and its flanks are blessed with spiritual energy, and one should show reverence when passing through this sacred landscape.

Here, the karmic effects of one's actions are magnified, and impure thoughts are best avoided. In , the president of the Nepal Mountaineering Association warned that pollution, especially human waste, has reached critical levels. As much as 12, kg 26, lb of human excrement each season is left behind on the mountain. Climbers above Base Camp—for the year history of climbing on the mountain—have most commonly either buried their excrement in holes they dug by hand in the snow, or slung it into crevasses, or simply defecated wherever convenient, often within metres of their tents. The only place where climbers can defecate without worrying about contaminating the mountain is Base Camp. At approximately 5, m 18, ft , Base Camp sees the most activity of all camps on Everest because climbers acclimate and rest there. In the lates, expeditions began using toilets that they fashioned from blue plastic litre US-gallon barrels fitted with a toilet seat and enclosed.

The problem of human waste is compounded by the presence of more anodyne waste: spent oxygen tanks, abandoned tents, empty cans and bottles. The Nepali government now requires each climber to pack out eight kilograms of waste when descending the mountain. In February , due to the mounting waste problem, China closed the base camp on its side of Everest to visitors without climbing permits. Tourists are allowed to go as far as the Rongbuk Monastery. In April , the Solukhumbu district 's Khumbu Pasanglhamu Rural Municipality launched a campaign to collect nearly 10, kg of garbage from Everest. Nearby peaks include Lhotse , 8, m 27, ft ; Nuptse , 7, m 25, ft , and Changtse , 7, m 24, ft among others. Another nearby peak is Khumbutse , and many of the highest mountains in the world are near Mount Everest. On the southwest side, a major feature in the lower areas is the Khumbu icefall and glacier , an obstacle to climbers on those routes but also to the base camps.

Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read View source View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikivoyage. Earth's highest mountain. For other uses, see Everest disambiguation and Sagarmatha disambiguation. Aerial photo from the south, with Mount Everest rising above the ridge connecting Nuptse and Lhotse. This article contains Indic text. Without proper rendering support , you may see question marks or boxes , misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text. This article contains Tibetan script. Without proper rendering support , you may see very small fonts, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Tibetan characters. For a more comprehensive list, see List of highest mountains on Earth. This section appears to be slanted towards recent events. Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and add more content related to non-recent events.

July Learn how and when to remove this template message. See also: List of people who died climbing Mount Everest. Main article: British Mount Everest expedition. See also: Mount Everest disaster. Main article: Mount Everest disaster. Main articles: Mount Everest in and Mount Everest in Main article: Mount Everest avalanche. Main article: Mount Everest avalanches. Main article: Mount Everest in See also: Three Steps. See also: Effects of high altitude on humans. McSmith []. Hornbein in The high-altitude brain []. Main article: Timeline of climbing Mount Everest. Main article: Houston—Mount Everest flight expedition. Further information: Impacts of tourism § Mount Everest. Southern and northern climbing routes as seen from the International Space Station. The names on the photo are links to corresponding pages. For more details, see Surveys. They are unlikely to be in error by more than 2".

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Coordinates showing Everest to be more than a minute further east that appeared on this page until recently, and still appear in Wikipedia in several other languages, are incorrect. For more details, see British Mount Everest expedition. However, for a peak rising out of relatively flat terrain, such as Mauna Kea or Denali, an "approximate" height above "base" can be calculated. Everest is more complicated since it only rises above relatively flat terrain on its north Tibetan Plateau side. Hence the concept of "base" has even less meaning for Everest than for Mauna Kea or Denali, and the range of numbers for "height above base" is wider. In general, comparisons based on "height above base" are somewhat suspect. So, in an average year, the lowest recorded July temperature will be degrees Celsius, and the lowest recorded January temperature will be degrees Celsius. Thapa Orient Longmans, National Geographic. Retrieved 8 December It depends how you measure height".

Future US, Inc. Retrieved 27 April Researchers have measured Mount Everest many times over the past few decades, but the latest assessment, announced in November , puts it at 29, Climber News. As of November , people have died while attempting to climb Mount Everest. Little, Brown Book Group. ISBN The Hunt for Mount Everest. Geographical Names. Retrieved 18 April Time magazine. Everest ". Archived from the original on 26 December Retrieved 23 January Little, Brown and Company. The Times. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London. IX : — April—May Random House, Inc. Retrieved 22 July Mapping Everest TV Documentary. London: BBC Television. The Geographical Journal. JSTOR Everest Disaster. New York: Villard. Everest — The Mountaineering History 3rd ed. Bâton Wicks. Archived from the original on 6 April Retrieved 1 June Ahluwalia Faces of Everest. Vikas Publishing House. BBC News. Retrieved 11 April R; Speed, F. M; Milliken, G.

A February The American Statistician. New York: Anchor Books. OCLC Retrieved 2 June News in Science. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 1 April Retrieved 22 August Smithsonian Magazine. Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research. Archived from the original on 3 January Government of Nepal. Archived from the original on 14 March Retrieved 9 March Everest in ". Survey Review. Informa UK Limited. ISSN S2CID Retrieved 16 August National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 12 July Museum of Science. Archived from the original on 8 November Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 7 June United Press International. National Public Radio. Sawada, Y. Takigami, Y. Orihashi, T. Danhara, H. Iwano, Y. Kuwahara, Q. Dong, H. Cai, and J. Archived from the original on 24 June Retrieved 13 November Archived from the original on 3 March Retrieved 17 June Hughes, M. Searle, C. Fanning, S. Peng, and S. Parcha, , "Stratigraphic correlation of Cambrian Ordovician deposits along the Himalaya: Implications for the age and nature of rocks in the Mount Everest region".

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Sir George Everest

Wilson "The Himalayan leucogranites: Constraints on the nature of their crustal source region and geodynamic setting. Nature on PBS. Retrieved 6 February Hughes, T. Paulsen, I. Williams, S. Parcha, K. Thompson, S. Bowring, S. Peng, and A. Hughes, J. Goodge, C. Fanning, I. Peng, O. Bhargava, S. Tangri, S. Parcha, and K. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Archived PDF from the original on 27 October Retrieved 10 November Adventure Scientists. Archived from the original on 25 April Retrieved 15 May Mount Everest. Marshall Cavendish. Global Change Biology. Bibcode : GCBio.. PMC PMID Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 3 5 : —". World Spider Catalog. British Arachnological Society. Retrieved 20 September Everest National Park, Nepal. Archived PDF from the original on 9 October Pets on mom. Everest: new data and physiological significance". Journal of Applied Physiology. The CF Center. Archived from the original on 15 July Bibcode : RPPh Archived from the original on 5 January Herald Sun.

Archived from the original on 4 November Retrieved 30 September Everest, Nepal" PDF. Archived from the original PDF on 19 November Everest's 'Death Zone' ". Gawker Media. The Week. Archived from the original on 13 July Retrieved 23 February Everest's Popularity Is Still Climbing". Los Angeles Times. The Japan Times Online. Retrieved 20 February Earth Observatory. Archived from the original on 1 September Retrieved 31 January Sommerville to 28, feet". The History Press. Popular Science. Bonnier Corporation. May Everest History. Archived from the original on 26 May Imagining Everest. The Royal Geographical Society. Archived from the original on 14 April Retrieved 21 June The Ascent of Everest. Man of Everest: The Autobiography of Tenzing. Retrieved 27 December Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Archived from the original on 6 January The Hindu. ISSN X. Retrieved 10 April Retrieved 13 February American Heritage. Archived from the original on 3 December Archived from the original on 14 October Retrieved 25 May Associated Press.

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On a couple of occasions, I heard the others referring to "a dead guy" in the tent. Who could that be? I wondered as I slipped in and out of wakefulness. Retrieved 17 January The Independent. Archived from the original on 24 September Outside Online. The Washington Times. Archived from the original on 23 August Oh My News. Archived from the original on 24 April Retrieved 7 December Archived from the original on 10 January Savage; B. Torgler The Sunday Tribune. Chandigarh, India. Retrieved 24 November Archived from the original on 4 July The Seattle Times. Retrieved 10 October Daily Telegraph. United Kingdom. Retrieved 16 May The New York Times. Retrieved 28 September The Daily Telegraph. The Blog on alanarnette. Retrieved 22 January Retrieved 12 June Retrieved 29 May The Washington Post. Retrieved 24 May The Telegraph. The New Yorker. Retrieved 22 April Of the twenty-five men hit by the falling ice, sixteen were killed, all of them Nepalis working for guided climbing teams.

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Retrieved 13 June Retrieved 30 October Now climbers are trying to prevent its spread amid a record season". Agence France-Presse.

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Everest would later travel to India where he was involved in several geographical and cartographic projects, and he was later promoted to become the Surveyor General of India, a title which Andrew Scott Waugh would succeed him. Due to his illustrious career, Everest was accorded several awards and honors including being inducted into the Royal Geographical Society as a fellow and was in made a Knight Bachelor. The Royal Astronomical Society also awarded a medal to Everest. The geographer passed away in December aged 76 years, and his remains were buried in St. In China, the mountain was initially known by its traditional Tibetan name which is Qomolangma, or by its romanticized name Jomo Langma or Chomolungma. The mountain appeared as Qomolangma on traditional Chinese maps up until the early 18th century. The mountain is situated on a Tibetan nature preserve known as the Qomolangma National Nature Preserve. The mountain was previously known as Sagarmatha in Nepal for many years.

The national park that the Nepalese part of the mountain sits on is named as Sagarmatha National Park. Mount Everest. Sir George Everest George Everest was born on July 4th, but the exact place of his birth is not known, with some sources stating London as his birthplace while others claim that he was born in Crickhowell, Wales.